GENDER (लिंग)

A noun that denotes a male animal is said to be of the Masculine Gender. Ex: Lion, Hero.
(पुल्लिंग को दर्शाने वाली संज्ञा या सर्वनाम)

A noun that denotes a female animal is said to be of the Feminine Gender.Ex: Lioness, Heroine.
(स्त्रीलिंग को दर्शाने वाली संज्ञा या सर्वनाम)

A noun that denotes either a male or a female is said to be of the Common Gender. Ex: Parent, child, friend, pupil, servant, thief, relation, enemy, cousin, person, orphan, student, baby, monarch, neighbour etc.
(स्त्रीलिंग या पुल्लिंग दोनों को दर्शाने वाली संज्ञा या सर्वनाम)

A noun that denotes a thing that is neither male nor female (i.e., thing without life) is said to be of the Neuter Gender. Ex: Pen, room, tree, book etc.
(नपुंसक शब्द को दर्शाने वाली संज्ञा या सर्वनाम)

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There are three ways of forming the Feminine of Nouns
पुल्लिंग को स्त्रीलिंग में तीन तरीको से बदला जा सकता है

1. By using an entirely different word; as
पूर्णरूप से दूसरा शब्द का उपयोग कर, जैसे
Masculine -- Feminine
Bachelor -- maid, spinster
Boy -- girl
Brother -- sister
Bull (or ox) -- cow
Bullock -- heifer
Cock -- hen
Dog -- bitch
Drake -- duck
Horse -- mare
Husband -- wife
King -- queen
Lord -- lady
Man -- woman
Sir -- madam
Son -- daughter
Uncle -- aunt

(2) By adding a syllable (-ess, -ine, -trix, -a, etc) as,
-ess, -ine, -trix, -a इत्यादि का प्रयोग करके, जैसे
Masculine -- Feminine
Author -- authoress
Count -- countess
Giant -- giantess
Heir -- heiress
Host -- hostess
Jew -- Jewess
Lion -- lioness
Manager -- manageress
Founder -- foundress
Hunter -- huntress
Instructor -- instructress
Duke -- duchess
Emperor -- empress
Preceptor -- preceptress
Prince -- princess
Murderer -- murderess

(3) By placing a word before or after; as,
पहले या बाद में दूसरा शब्द प्रयोग करके, जैसे
Masculine -- Feminine
Grandfather -- grandmother
Greatuncle -- greataunt
Manservant -- maidservant
Landlord -- landlady
milkman -- milkwoman
peacock -- peahen
salesman -- saleswoman
washerman -- washerwoman