ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE (कर्तृवाच्य एवं कर्मवाच्य)

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE:

Example:

Sentence 1 = Rama helps Hari.(राम हरी की मदद करता है) (Active voice)
Sentence 2 = Hari is helped by Rama (राम के द्वारा हरी की मदद कि गई) (Passive voice)

A verb is in the Active Voice when its form shows (as in sentence 1) that the person or thing denoted by the Subject is the doer of the action.
वाक्य १ के अनुसार Active voice तब होती है जब subject क्रिया करता है

A Verb is in the Passive Voice when its form shows (as in sentence 2) that something is done to the person or thing denoted by the Subject.
वाक्य 2  के अनुसार Passive  voice तब होती है जब कोई क्रिया subject के ऊपर कि जाती है

Examples:

Active. - They use video for teaching the students.
Passive.- Video is used for teaching the students.

Active.- One should keep one's promises.
Passive.- Promises should be kept.

Active.- When will you return the book?
Passive.- When will the book be returned?

Active.- Someone has picked my pocket.
Passive.- My pocket has been picked.

Active.- Circumstances will oblige me to go.
Passive.- I shall be obliged to go

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Exercise

Sr	Active Voice	Passive Voice
1	The cat killed the mouse	The mouse was killed by the cat
2	The man cut down the tree	The tree was cut down by the man
3	Columbus discovered America	America was discovered by Columbus
4	His teacher praised him	He was praised by his teacher
5	The boy teased the dog	The dog was teased by the boy
6	The syce feeds the horse every day	The horse is fed by the syce every day
7	The police arrested him	He was arrested by the police
8	Rama was making a kite	A kite was made by Rama
9	The boy caught the ball	The ball was caught by the boy
10	My father will write a letter	A letter will be written by my father
11	Hari opened the door	The door was opened by Hari
12	I will conquer him	He will be conquered by me
13	Sohrab threw the ball	The ball was thrown by Sohrab
14	He scored twenty runs	Twenty runs were scored by him
15	He made a very remarkable discovery	A very remarkable discovery was made by  him
16	Dhondu will bring the pony	The pony will be brought by Dhondu
17	Everyone loves him	He is loved by everyone
18	His own brother swindled him	He is swindled by his own brother
19	The enemy have defeated our army	Our army has been defeated by enemy
20	We prohibit smoking	Smoking is prohibited by us